How to implement Association rule mining in R
In this recipe, we shall learn how to implement Association Rule Mining with the help of an example in R. We shall make use of groceries dataset for the same.
Recipe Objective: How to implement Association rule mining in R?
Association rule mining is extensively used to uncover sales correlations in transactional data or medical data sets, and it has a variety of uses. Association rules are "if-then" statements that illustrate the likelihood of associations between data items in massive data sets in various databases. e.g., Consider transactional data, what is the probability that if a customer buys item X, he will also purchase an item Z. This data about buying patterns can then be used to curate successful marketing and sales strategies. Associations are identified by scanning data for frequent if-then patterns and utilizing the support and confidence to find them. The frequency with which the items appear in the data is indicated by support. The number of times the if-then propositions are determined to be true is referred to as confidence.
Table of Contents
Step 1: Load required packages
#loading required packages
library(arules)
library(arulesViz)
library(RColorBrewer)
Step 2: Load the dataset.
The Groceries data set contains 30 days of real-world point-of-sale transaction data from a typical local grocery outlet. The data set comprises 9835 transactions, and the items are aggregated into 169 categories. (This dataset is available on R studio as well and is provided by Michael Hahsler, Kurt Hornik, and Thomas Reutterer (2006))
#loading dataset
a = data("Groceries")
head(Groceries)
transactions in sparse format with
6 transactions (rows) and
169 items (columns)
Checking the frequency of all the items.
itemFrequencyPlot(Groceries,topN=10,type='absolute')
arules::itemFrequencyPlot(Groceries, topN = 20,
col = brewer.pal(8, 'Pastel2'),
main = 'Relative Item Frequency Plot',
type = "relative",
ylab = "Item Frequency (Relative)")
Step 3: Model Fitting
#fitting the model
rule = apriori(Groceries,parameter = list(supp=0.001,conf=0.9))
Apriori
Parameter specification:
confidence minval smax arem aval originalSupport maxtime support minlen
0.9 0.1 1 none FALSE TRUE 5 0.001 1
maxlen target ext
10 rules TRUE
Algorithmic control:
filter tree heap memopt load sort verbose
0.1 TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE 2 TRUE
Absolute minimum support count: 9
set item appearances ...[0 item(s)] done [0.00s].
set transactions ...[169 item(s), 9835 transaction(s)] done [0.01s].
sorting and recoding items ... [157 item(s)] done [0.00s].
creating transaction tree ... done [0.00s].
checking subsets of size 1 2 3 4 5 6 done [0.01s].
writing ... [129 rule(s)] done [0.00s].
creating S4 object ... done [0.00s].
rule
set of 129 rules
It can be seen that the model created 129 rules.
Step 4: Inspecting the rules
#inspect
inspect(rule)
lhs rhs support confidence coverage lift count
[1] {liquor,
red/blush wine} => {bottled beer} 0.001931876 0.9047619 0.002135231 11.235269 19
[2] {curd,
cereals} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[3] {soups,
bottled beer} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[4] {whipped/sour cream,
house keeping products} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[5] {pastry,
sweet spreads} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[6] {rice,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 1.0000000 0.001220132 3.913649 12
[7] {rice,
bottled water} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[8] {canned fish,
hygiene articles} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 3.913649 11
[9] {grapes,
onions} => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 4.737476 11
[10] {hard cheese,
oil} => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 4.737476 11
[11] {root vegetables,
butter,
rice} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[12] {herbs,
whole milk,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[13] {citrus fruit,
tropical fruit,
herbs} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[14] {root vegetables,
whipped/sour cream,
flour} => {whole milk} 0.001728521 1.0000000 0.001728521 3.913649 17
[15] {butter,
soft cheese,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[16] {tropical fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
soft cheese} => {other vegetables} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 4.770605 12
[17] {root vegetables,
whipped/sour cream,
soft cheese} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[18] {citrus fruit,
root vegetables,
soft cheese} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 5.168156 10
[19] {frankfurter,
tropical fruit,
frozen meals} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[20] {frankfurter,
tropical fruit,
frozen meals} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[21] {tropical fruit,
butter,
frozen meals} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[22] {tropical fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
hard cheese} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[23] {pork,
whole milk,
butter milk} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[24] {pip fruit,
butter milk,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[25] {frankfurter,
root vegetables,
sliced cheese} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[26] {butter,
whipped/sour cream,
sliced cheese} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[27] {yogurt,
oil,
coffee} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[28] {root vegetables,
onions,
napkins} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[29] {sausage,
berries,
butter} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[30] {hamburger meat,
tropical fruit,
whipped/sour cream} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[31] {butter,
hygiene articles,
napkins} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[32] {pip fruit,
butter,
hygiene articles} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[33] {tropical fruit,
butter,
hygiene articles} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[34] {tropical fruit,
domestic eggs,
hygiene articles} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[35] {root vegetables,
whipped/sour cream,
hygiene articles} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[36] {pip fruit,
root vegetables,
hygiene articles} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[37] {cream cheese ,
domestic eggs,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 3.913649 11
[38] {other vegetables,
cream cheese ,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001525165 0.9375000 0.001626843 3.669046 15
[39] {curd,
domestic eggs,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[40] {citrus fruit,
domestic eggs,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001423488 0.9333333 0.001525165 3.652739 14
[41] {tropical fruit,
domestic eggs,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[42] {yogurt,
domestic eggs,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001423488 0.9333333 0.001525165 3.652739 14
[43] {root vegetables,
whipped/sour cream,
sugar} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[44] {pork,
rolls/buns,
waffles} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[45] {whipped/sour cream,
long life bakery product,
napkins} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[46] {tropical fruit,
long life bakery product,
napkins} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[47] {sausage,
butter,
long life bakery product} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[48] {tropical fruit,
dessert,
whipped/sour cream} => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 4.737476 11
[49] {cream cheese ,
domestic eggs,
napkins} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 3.913649 11
[50] {root vegetables,
butter,
cream cheese } => {yogurt} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 6.516698 10
[51] {root vegetables,
butter,
cream cheese } => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[52] {pip fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
cream cheese } => {whole milk} 0.001321810 0.9285714 0.001423488 3.634103 13
[53] {sausage,
pip fruit,
cream cheese } => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[54] {citrus fruit,
root vegetables,
cream cheese } => {other vegetables} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 4.770605 12
[55] {root vegetables,
butter,
white bread} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[56] {butter,
whipped/sour cream,
coffee} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[57] {root vegetables,
domestic eggs,
coffee} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[58] {butter,
curd,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[59] {citrus fruit,
butter,
curd} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[60] {domestic eggs,
margarine,
bottled beer} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[61] {pip fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
brown bread} => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 5.168156 11
[62] {domestic eggs,
margarine,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[63] {pip fruit,
butter,
whipped/sour cream} => {whole milk} 0.001830198 0.9000000 0.002033554 3.522284 18
[64] {butter,
whipped/sour cream,
soda} => {other vegetables} 0.001321810 0.9285714 0.001423488 4.799002 13
[65] {pip fruit,
butter,
pastry} => {other vegetables} 0.001321810 0.9285714 0.001423488 4.799002 13
[66] {tropical fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001830198 0.9000000 0.002033554 3.522284 18
[67] {tropical fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {other vegetables} 0.001931876 0.9047619 0.002135231 4.675950 19
[68] {root vegetables,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
rice} => {whole milk} 0.001321810 0.9285714 0.001423488 3.634103 13
[69] {root vegetables,
whole milk,
yogurt,
rice} => {other vegetables} 0.001321810 0.9285714 0.001423488 4.799002 13
[70] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
herbs,
other vegetables} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[71] {tropical fruit,
grapes,
whole milk,
yogurt} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 5.168156 10
[72] {tropical fruit,
pip fruit,
yogurt,
frozen meals} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[73] {root vegetables,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
hard cheese} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[74] {ham,
tropical fruit,
pip fruit,
yogurt} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 5.168156 10
[75] {ham,
tropical fruit,
pip fruit,
whole milk} => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 5.168156 11
[76] {tropical fruit,
butter,
yogurt,
sliced cheese} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[77] {tropical fruit,
whole milk,
butter,
sliced cheese} => {yogurt} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 6.516698 10
[78] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
yogurt,
oil} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[79] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
yogurt,
oil} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 3.913649 11
[80] {root vegetables,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
oil} => {whole milk} 0.001423488 1.0000000 0.001423488 3.913649 14
[81] {root vegetables,
whole milk,
yogurt,
oil} => {other vegetables} 0.001423488 0.9333333 0.001525165 4.823612 14
[82] {root vegetables,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
waffles} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[83] {other vegetables,
curd,
whipped/sour cream,
cream cheese } => {yogurt} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 6.516698 10
[84] {citrus fruit,
whole milk,
whipped/sour cream,
cream cheese } => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 4.737476 11
[85] {pip fruit,
root vegetables,
other vegetables,
cream cheese } => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[86] {pip fruit,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
cream cheese } => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[87] {tropical fruit,
butter,
yogurt,
white bread} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[88] {tropical fruit,
other vegetables,
butter,
white bread} => {yogurt} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 6.516698 10
[89] {root vegetables,
other vegetables,
butter,
white bread} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[90] {root vegetables,
whole milk,
butter,
white bread} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[91] {citrus fruit,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
frozen vegetables} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[92] {beef,
tropical fruit,
yogurt,
rolls/buns} => {whole milk} 0.001321810 0.9285714 0.001423488 3.634103 13
[93] {tropical fruit,
curd,
yogurt,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[94] {citrus fruit,
tropical fruit,
curd,
yogurt} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[95] {other vegetables,
butter,
whipped/sour cream,
napkins} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[96] {pork,
other vegetables,
butter,
whipped/sour cream} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[97] {pork,
root vegetables,
other vegetables,
butter} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[98] {frankfurter,
tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
yogurt} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[99] {pip fruit,
root vegetables,
other vegetables,
brown bread} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[100] {root vegetables,
other vegetables,
rolls/buns,
brown bread} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[101] {other vegetables,
butter,
whipped/sour cream,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 1.0000000 0.001220132 3.913649 12
[102] {tropical fruit,
butter,
yogurt,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[103] {root vegetables,
butter,
yogurt,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[104] {tropical fruit,
butter,
whipped/sour cream,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 5.168156 10
[105] {whole milk,
butter,
whipped/sour cream,
soda} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[106] {citrus fruit,
other vegetables,
butter,
bottled water} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[107] {whole milk,
rolls/buns,
soda,
newspapers} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 5.168156 10
[108] {pip fruit,
other vegetables,
whipped/sour cream,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 3.612599 12
[109] {citrus fruit,
whole milk,
whipped/sour cream,
domestic eggs} => {other vegetables} 0.001220132 0.9230769 0.001321810 4.770605 12
[110] {tropical fruit,
yogurt,
whipped/sour cream,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[111] {tropical fruit,
other vegetables,
whipped/sour cream,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[112] {citrus fruit,
tropical fruit,
other vegetables,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[113] {tropical fruit,
yogurt,
whipped/sour cream,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {other vegetables} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 4.737476 11
[114] {tropical fruit,
whole milk,
whipped/sour cream,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[115] {pip fruit,
root vegetables,
yogurt,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[116] {citrus fruit,
other vegetables,
soda,
fruit/vegetable juice} => {root vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 8.340400 10
[117] {citrus fruit,
whipped/sour cream,
rolls/buns,
pastry} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[118] {citrus fruit,
tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
whipped/sour cream} => {other vegetables} 0.001220132 1.0000000 0.001220132 5.168156 12
[119] {pip fruit,
root vegetables,
other vegetables,
bottled water} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 1.0000000 0.001118454 3.913649 11
[120] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
yogurt,
pastry} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[121] {sausage,
tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
yogurt} => {whole milk} 0.001525165 0.9375000 0.001626843 3.669046 15
[122] {sausage,
tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
rolls/buns} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[123] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
rolls/buns,
bottled water} => {whole milk} 0.001118454 0.9166667 0.001220132 3.587512 11
[124] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
other vegetables,
yogurt,
oil} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 1.0000000 0.001016777 3.913649 10
[125] {tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
whole milk,
yogurt,
oil} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[126] {tropical fruit,
other vegetables,
whole milk,
yogurt,
oil} => {root vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 8.340400 10
[127] {tropical fruit,
other vegetables,
butter,
yogurt,
domestic eggs} => {whole milk} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 3.557863 10
[128] {citrus fruit,
root vegetables,
whole milk,
yogurt,
whipped/sour cream} => {other vegetables} 0.001016777 0.9090909 0.001118454 4.698323 10
[129] {citrus fruit,
tropical fruit,
root vegetables,
whole milk,
yogurt} => {other vegetables} 0.001423488 0.9333333 0.001525165 4.823612 14
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